出国留学|文书写作中常见的问题以及如何回答？

For example举例说明

Have you ever helped to organize a Thanksgiving canned food drive at your school?

你曾经在学校组织过感恩节罐头食品募捐活动吗?

Have you collected clothing donations at your church or other religious institution?

你有没有在你的教会或其他宗教机构收集捐赠的衣物?

Do you volunteer to help your dad out at work, where he cares for elderly patients?

你会志愿在你爸爸照顾老年病人的工作中帮助他吗?

Have you volunteered to tutor the neighbor’s children in Mandarin?

你自愿给邻居的孩子辅导普通话吗?

Next, you should list your role and level of responsibility. This provides more context about how you interact during your volunteer work.

接下来，你应该列出你的角色和职责级别。这提供了更多关于你在志愿者工作期间如何互动的内容。

This doesn’t mean that your role as an entry-level volunteer is “useless.” Admissions officers know that volunteers at all levels are important to the success and mission of any organization or cause. When listing your role, try to be specific. Instead of listing “volunteer,” try a title similar to one of the following

这并不意味着你作为一个初级志愿者的角色是“无用的”。招生官知道，各级志愿者对任何组织或事业的成功和使命都很重要。

Volunteer Coordinator 志愿者协调员

Front Desk Volunteer 前台志愿者

Research Assistant 研究助理

Community Relations Volunteer 社区关系志愿者

Bookshop Assistant 书店助理

Food Donation Manager 食品捐赠经理

Social Media Manager 社交媒体经理

Graphics Consultant 图片顾问

These examples are much more specific than “volunteer” and can give the committee a hint to the type of work you were doing in your position.

这些例子比“志愿者”要具体得多，可以给面试官你在这个职位上做的工作类型一个提示。

In this prompt, the University of Florida specifically uses the term “list” and “describe” in the directions. This is important because it means you should do both (albeit briefly). For example, your response might start with:

在这个提示中，佛罗里达大学在说明中明确使用了“list”和“describe”。这是很重要的，因为这意味着你应该两者都做(尽管很简单)。例如，你的回答可以这样开头:

Social Media Coordinator, Asheville Arts Foundation: shared articles about new exhibits, posted Facebook event pages and created graphics to promote those events.

阿什维尔艺术基金会社会媒体协调员: 分享关于新展览的文章，发布Facebook活动页面，并创建宣传图来推广这些活动。

The above example is brief, descriptive, and follows the directions. It may be true that you have more community service activities to list than the character count allows. As such, you should only write about the experiences that you have participated in the longest, are most invested in, and demonstrate your uniqueness.

上面的示例是简短的、描述性的，并遵循指示。你可能确实有更多的社区服务活动要列出，但是会超过允许的字符数。因此，你应该只写你参与时间最长、投入最多的经历，并证明你的独特性。

2. Work Experience

工作经历

The work experience section has very similar requirements to the community service short response. You might be thinking, “Hey! This sounds just like a resume.” It is similar to writing a resume, except you don’t have to mess with pesky formatting. Beyond listing and describing your work experience, you should also mention how many hours you work a week, how long you have been with a company, and your job title.

工作经验部分的要求与社区服务短期反应非常相似。你可能会想:“嘿!这听起来就像一份简历。这就像写简历，不同的是你不必用讨厌的格式。除了列出和描述你的工作经验，你还应该提到你每周工作多少小时，在一家公司工作多长时间，以及你的职位。

Check out this example举例说明

January 2018-Present, Chic-Fil-A, Team Member: Work 15 hours a week running the cash register, refilling customer drinks, and assisting drive-thru.

2018年1月至今，Chic-fil-A，团队成员: 每周工作15小时，负责收银机的操作，为顾客补充饮料，并协助汽车餐厅。

If you only have one job to list, you have room to be a bit more descriptive. If you have had multiple jobs, you will need to be consistently brief. When listing your jobs, consider whether it is appropriate to list every job.

如果你只列出一项工作，你就有更多的空间去描述它。如果你从事过多份工作，你需要保持简洁。当列出你的工作时，考虑是否把每一份工作都列出来。

Perhaps you worked for three days at Urban Outfitters and then quit because you found out you couldn’t take off during Spring Break. This is not an appropriate job to list because, to the admissions committee, it would appear that you are not committed.

也许你在Urban Outfitters工作了三天，然后就辞职了，因为你发现自己不能在春假期间请假。那么这份工作不应该列出来，因为对招生官来说，会显得你没有责任心

To streamline your response, list your work experience starting with the most recent. If you still work in a position, you can note “present” for the end date. If you simply haven’t had any work experience, enter “Not Applicable.” By taking the time to write “Not Applicable,” the committee understands that you are not refusing to answer the question but that it does not apply to you.

为了简化你的回答，先列出你最近的工作经历。如果你还在工作，你可以把截止日期标注为“现在”。如果你没有任何工作经验，请输入“Not Applicable”。花时间写“不适用”，委员会的理解是，你并不是拒绝回答这个问题，但它并不适用于你的情况。

3. Obligations

工作或家庭义务/责任

In the third question, you should list any work or home obligations that have interfered with your ability to participate in extracurricular activities. If you have a list of activities that is a mile long, type in “Not Applicable” and move on to the next question.

在第三个问题中，你应该列出任何对你参加课外活动有影响的工作或家庭义务。如果你有一份长达”一英里“的活动列表，键入“不适用”，然后进入下一个问题。

However, not everyone is able to participate in extracurricular activities. The following list includes obligations that may have interfered with your participation:

然而，并不是每个人都能参加课外活动。以下列表包括可能妨碍你参与的因素:

Helping parents to run a family restaurant

帮助父母经营一家家庭餐厅

Working full-time to be able to afford bills

为了支付账单而全职工作

Having a young baby to care for at home

家里有一个年幼的孩子需要照顾

Caring for younger siblings 照顾弟弟妹妹

No or limited access to transportation

没有或有限的交通工具

No or limited access to funds to pay for the extras associated with extracurricular activities, such as cleats for soccer or canvas for the art club

没有或只能获得有限的资金来支付与课外活动相关的额外费用，如足球穿的鞋或艺术俱乐部的帆布

Caring for disabled or elderly parents/family members 照顾残疾或年老的父母/家庭成员

Don’t be hesitant to list this information. There is no shame in needing to put family obligations above extracurricular activities. However, admissions can’t read your mind, and it is important that you describe these obligations so that they can have a broader context when considering your application.

列出这些信息不需要犹豫。把家庭责任置于课外活动之上并不是什么羞耻的事情。然而，你不把这些义务描写清楚的话，招生官是很难明白你的处境的，所以一定要在回答时写清楚。这样他们在考虑你的申请时可以有一个更广泛的背景。

For this section, you are asked to describe the obligation. Be cautious here. The admissions committee doesn’t need to know the entire backstory that led up to an obligation. Instead, briefly discuss the obligation(s), how you are involved, and why this prevents you from participating in extracurricular activities.

在这一部分描写时，小心谨慎一些。招生官不需要知道导致这一义务的整个背景故事。相反，简要地讨论义务，你是如何参与的，以及为什么这会阻止你参加课外活动。

4. Preparing for Higher Education

参加为高等教育作准备的组织/机构

There are a variety of organizations that help students to attain their dreams of higher education. If you participated in groups such as Advance via Individual Determination (AVID), Upward Bound, Talent Search, University Outreach, or any others, you should list them.

有各种各样的组织帮助学生实现他们的高等教育梦想。如果你参加了像Advance via Individual Determination (AVID)、Upward Bound、Talent Search、University Outreach等团体，你应该把它们列出来。

Sometimes, universities reserve spots or give preference to students who have participated in these programs. Colleges also like to see that you have been planning ahead for college.

有时候，大学会预留名额，或者优先录取那些参加过这些项目的学生。大学也希望看到你一直在为上大学做准备。

Although it’s not stated explicitly, if you have enough room, briefly describe in what way you worked with the organization. This information will be helpful to admissions, especially if you participated in a program for multiple years.

虽然没有明确说明，但如果你有足够的空间，请简要描述你是如何与该组织合作的。这些信息将对申请很有帮助，特别是如果你参加了一个项目多年。

Check out this example举例说明

From 6th-12th grade, I participated in the AVID program during the school day. While I had to give up an extracurricular class, it was worth it because by participating in the program, I learned…

从6年级到12年级，我在校期间参加了AVID项目。虽然我不得不放弃一个课外班，但这是值得的，因为通过参与这个项目，我学到了……

It’s important to be honest on your application. If you’ve heard that a program exists in your school but you didn’t participate, you should not list it. If the question does not apply to you, write “Not Applicable.”

诚实对于申请来说是很重要的。如果你听说你的学校有一个项目，但你没有参与，你不应该把它列出来。如果这个问题不适用于你，写上“不适用”。

5. Other Considerations for the Committee

补充信息

In the final section, you are provided the opportunity to add additional comments that you believe admissions should consider with your application. This is a chance to provide background information on anything that might look “off” on your application.

在最后一部分，你有机会添加额外的信息。这是一个提供背景信息，可以解释任何可能成为申请劣势因素的机会。

For example, perhaps you attended four different high schools because your parents serve in the military. If that information did not appear anywhere else in your application, it would be appropriate to list that here. If you sustained a serious injury while playing sports and missed 40 consecutive school days, list that information in this section. You should explain to admissions that you were participating in physical therapy and on bed rest during this time.

例如，也许你上了四所不同的高中，因为你的父母在军队服役。如果该信息没有出现在你申请的其他地方，那么在这里列出它是合适的。如果你在运动时受了重伤，连续缺课40天，在这部分列出这些信息。你应该向招生办解释在此期间你参加了物理治疗和卧床休息。

If there is space, it wouldn’t hurt to mention that you Skyped into class and submitted work digitally in order to stay up-to-date with your schoolwork. Another appropriate example would be if you had to take a class online because it was not offered at your school.

如果有空间，提及你通过skype进入课堂，通过数字方式提交作业，以跟上学校作业的进度，也无妨。另一个合适的例子是，如果你因为你的学校没有提供在线课程而不得不选择在线课程。

Some schools do not have enough students demonstrate interest in AP courses, such as Computer Science A or the Physics C courses. If you took the initiative to be the only person in the school taking such a course through an online program, that deserves to be highlighted to the admissions committee.

有些学校没有足够的学生对AP课程表现出兴趣，比如计算机科学A或物理C课程。如果你通过在线课程主动成为学校里唯一一个学习此类课程的人，这一点值得招生官重视。

As with all other responses above, simply list “Not Applicable” if you have nothing to write in a section.

和上面的回答一样，如果你没有什么可写的，就简单地列出“不适用”。

Conclusion：Writing the University of Florida Essays

小编总结

While responding to the above questions, remember that you are limited in your character count. Since these are short-answer questions, the admissions committee does not want to know why you volunteer with Meals on Wheels or what you get out of the experience. Instead, focus briefly on what you do for the organization.

在回答上述问题时，请记住你的字数是有限的。因为这些都是简短回答的问题，招生官不想知道你为什么去提供上门送餐服务，或者你从中得到了什么。相反，你应该简单地关注自己为公司做了什么。

Overall, you should only elaborate when absolutely necessary. It’s important to show the committee that you can explicitly follow directions. While there is so much more you might have to say, save it for the personal essay!

总的来说，你应该只在绝对必要的时候详细说明。向招生官表明你能明确地按照指示去写是很重要的。尽管你可能有太多要说的话，还是把它留到个人文章中吧!

As with any writing, be sure to proofread and have another person review your work. You want to put your best foot forward on every application. Short-answer responses are just as important to review as your personal essay.

和任何写作一样，确保校对并找别人检查你的文章。每一次申请都要全力以赴。简短的回答和你的个人文章一样重要。