一文解析美国大学成绩单翻译

美国大学成绩单中经常出现的几个关键词如下：

AHrs、EHrs、QHrs、QPts、GPA

1. AHrs全称Attempted hours

Attempted hours are defined as all hours accumulated throughout a student's career at an institution (including all passed courses, failed courses, repeated courses, courses dropped after drop-add period, summer courses and transfer work).

*这里需要注意的是关于hours的翻译。虽然credit hour字面翻译为“学时”，但美国是没有学时这个概念的，所以实际是“学分”的意思。（美国大学学分非常重要。学分在不同的学校称呼是不一样的，有的地方叫做 Credit Hour，有的叫Credit Unit，有的叫 Semester Unit，为了方便可以统称为学分。）

因此，结合以上信息，可将attempted hours译为“拟修学分”或“总学分”，指课程本身的学分。

例句：

“Except as provided in 34 CFR 668.8(k) and (l), a credit hour is an amount of work represented in intended learning outcomes and verified by evidence of student achievement that is an institutionally established equivalency that reasonably approximates not less than (1) one hour of classroom or direct faculty instruction and a minimum of two hours of out of class student work each week for approximately fifteen weeks for one semester or trimester hour of credit, or ten to twelve weeks for one quarter hour of credit, or the equivalent amount of work over a different amount of time; or (2) At least an equivalent amount of work as required in paragraph (1) of this definition for other academic activities as established by the institution including laboratory work, internships, practice, studio work, and other academic work leading to the award of credit hours.”

“除了 34 CFR 668.8(k) 和 (l) 中的规定外，学分是指以预期学习成果为代表的工作量，并通过学生成绩的证据进行验证，该证据是制度上建立的等效性，合理地接近不小于 (1 ) 一个小时的课堂或直接教师指导和至少两个小时的课外学生工作每周大约十五周，一个学期或三个月的学分，或十到十二周，一个四分之一小时的学分，或在不同的时间内完成等量的工作；(2) 至少与本定义第 (1) 段所要求的同等数量的工作，用于机构建立的其他学术活动，包括实验室工作、实习、实践、工作室工作和其他学术工作，从而获得奖励学分。”

2. EHrs全称Earned hours

Earned hours are defined as credits attained from all courses (including transfer work, AP classes and summer courses) a student has successfully passed.

Earned指实际拿到的学分，因此结合attempted hours以及credit hours的意思，可将其译为“实修学分”。

3. QHrs全称Quality hours

QHrs和QPts都是用来计算GPA的

两者的英文释义如下：

Quality hours are the number of credit hours that have been assigned a letter grade even if the grade is F. Courses where the "grade" is W do not count toward quality hours.

Quality points are determined by multiplying the number of course credits by the numerical value of the assigned grade. For example, a three-credit course completed with a grade of B- would carry 8.1 quality points (three credits multiplied by a 2.7 numerical grade equals 8.1 quality points for that course).

由上可知：

Quality hours指的是计入GPA的每门课程的学分，是根据各成绩等级分配的学分。

Quality points是用课程的学分（earned hours）乘以成绩（A-F）得出的数字。每个学校的情况是不一样的，大多数一般是成绩拿A的话是4个quality points，拿B的话是3个quality points，拿C是2个quality points，拿D是1个quality point，E和F零分。比如，某门课你拿了3个学分，成绩为A，那么这门课的quality points就是3X4=12个学分。

由于这两个概念是国外计算GPA时独有的概念，因此，暂时可以分别译为“质量学分”和“质量分数”以与国内的概念相区分。如有更好的处理方法，欢迎提出。

4. GPA全称Grade point average

Grade point average一般指“平均学分绩点”，可简称为“平均绩点”。

A grade point average (GPA) is calculated by dividing the total amount of grade points earned by the total amount of GPA credits attempted.

其计算方式为quality points÷attempted hours。比如，你本学期一共拿了140个quality points，35个学分，那么你的GPA就是4。

此外，成绩单中一些常见的表述如下：

Superior优秀

Good良好

Average中等

Minimum Passing最低及格线

Failure不及格

*Withdrawal退课

*Satisfactory符合要求

*Credit学分

*Unsatisfactory不符合要求

*No Credit/Unsatisfactory无学分/不符合要求

*Audit旁听

*In Progress进修中

*Grades not yet reported成绩未出

*Incomplete未完成