寒假来临，如何在家保持高效学习？

12月-1月是同学们最“赤激”的月份了，Final季和申请季齐飞，留学的小伙伴们已经开始闭关复习，在申请的小伙伴们不仅要保证申请的顺利还要兼顾期末成绩。国外类似于知乎的问答网站Quora上，有一个问题是：如何在家保持高效学习，一位答友的回答受到众多学霸们的支持。

01

规划和管理好你的学习

Planning an managing your stuy

1. Make a timetable;mine was 11 hours for stuy. It is first step to success.

做一个时间表：“我”的时间表是学习11个小时。这是迈向成功的第一步。

Wistia Inc.是一家位于马萨诸塞州剑桥的视频软件公司。他们曾经对群众对视频的注意力时间进行了统计分析，如图：

从图中可以明显看出，45分钟以后，人们的注意力范围是30%，这也正是小学到高中的课程时间长度，因此，同学们在自我学习时，也建议在45分钟之后休息一下，再次学习时可以帮助恢复到90%的注意力。注意力习惯之后再慢慢延长学习时间，当然学霸们也是这么做的。

2. Humans can concentrate for 40 minutes on a subject, or maximum 1 hour. Do change your stuy material/subject after every 40 minutes or 1 hour. But later on you can increase this time slowly to 2 hours. I i this.

人们可以在一个课题上聚精会神40分钟-1小时。所以，每40分钟或1小时，更换一下你的学习类别或者科目。在习惯了这个集中精神的时间后，你可以根据自己的情况延长时间至2小时等。

3. Start on your aily scheule by learning new things, learning new things at start gives you hope an makes you motivate.

通过学习新事务开始你的每天时间安排，开始学习新事务的时候会给你带来希望和动力。

4. Don't start one subject or moule after the other; take a break of 5 to ten minutes. During your break time eat some chocolate, fruits, an vitamins. Get out of your seat an get your bloo flowing by walking aroun or oing a few sit-ups, push-ups, or jumping jacks. Even better, step outsie to get a breath of fresh air an enjoy nature. This is a right click an refresh for you on your esktop to start another application.

不要在一个科目或者模块刚结束时就马上开始学习下一个新部分，休息5-10分钟。期间你可以吃点巧克力、水果或者维他命，做做小锻炼，出去呼吸新鲜空气，看看大自然。这相当于让你刷新自己，并且可以启动另一个应用。

在今年4月份，人们通过程序SuperMemo跟踪已学习并保留的离散信息。制作了一个表格来体现人类的记忆图表

我们可以看见，当你第一次读到某些东西的时候，你对他的记忆下降很快，但是当你不断地重复记忆，你的记忆曲线下降就越来越缓。

5. Stuy each subject three times a ay, esign your scheule such that every subject has 3 shifts per ay. Take notes in the first shift, an rehearse them in secon shift an so on. Notes taken shoul not be an exact copy of the book text.

每一个科目需要一天学习三次，这就要求我们设计好时间表，让每天一门科目都可以学习3遍。在第一遍的时候做笔记，第二遍的时候复习，以此类推。注意，笔记不能是照抄原文。

5. Re-allocate time for your moules in your scheule after every (maximum of) two weeks. Or test yourself after one week an review your scheule; focus on areas you nee work in. It shoul be base on the results of your self-testing of course.

最多每隔两周，就要重新分配你的每个部分的时间表。或者每周做一次测试，再根据测试结果重新分配时间表，在你需要学习的地方重点安排。

6. Test yourself sometime in the mile of a stuy scheule in a ay or after morning review session as we usually o in exams i.e. review before paper.

在一天或者早晨复习后的时间表中，可以给自己安排个测试，就像我们考试经常做的那样，在试卷前复习。

7. Remember to review topics of this ay you have stuie, at the en of stuy time table.

记住在一天的时间表最后复习你今天学过的所有论题。

8. Secon ay, start with looking at the topics of the last ay. But never o an exam at the start of stuy time. After you review the previous ay's materials, move on to learning new things. Later chapters in books mostly have references from former ones. Increase ifficulty slowly from start to en. A basic rule in all of our lives.

在第二天的时候，从复习前一天的内容开始学习，但是绝对不要在学习一开始的时候做测试。回顾前一天的材料后，继续学新事物。每本书之后的章节里总会有对之前章节的引用，从开始到结束，慢慢增加难度。这也是我们生活中的一个基本规则。

9. Do some statistics on important an less important subjects or ifficult an easy subjects an ivie time with statistics methos. For example by first assigning the ifficulty level to each subject like 40% an 60% etc.

做一些统计分析来区分重要于不重要的科目，困难与简单的科目，并且根据统计数据分析来为这些科目划分时间。比如：通过难易度划分40%和60%的时间分配科目学习之类。

10. If stuying something which coul be easily implemente in home or lab, on't miss it. I, when stuying biology, ha trie to prouce a new family of a tree though it was just a try an nothing resulte. I have been programming to simulate the physics concepts which helpe a lot.

如果有些东西在家或者实验室里就能轻松解决的话，千万别错过了。

就我来说，我攻读生物学的时候，曾经试图组建一个新的树木的科系，尽管最后就仅仅只是个尝试而已，没有得到任何结论。但一直在做编程模拟物理概念，让我受益良多。

02

课题具体研究技术

Subject specific stuy techniques

1. For math subjects, try to solve a question, if you fail, just o it with your hans by looking at some help book. After you finish copying by hans, you will infer what was missing. This is calle learning with hans not min. This is because some time an answer tells you about the solution in math.

对于数学科目，试图去解决一个问题，当你失败了，就看一些辅助书的答案，当你模仿答案推断完成后你就会知道你当时忽略了什么。这叫做通过模仿学习而不是思考。这是因为有的时候答案能告诉你关于数学的解决方法。

2. For physics subjects, start with writing the topics equation, prove it on paper same as state above in (math metho), then start with the theory. Attach equation with the topic.

对于物理科目，开始写主要方程，然后参照以上数学科目的方法，再从理论开始，附加上方程和主题。

3. For English, write ifficult wors on the note book. Learn them first.

对于英语科目，把困难的单词写在本子上，先学他们。

4. For theory subjects, rea a lot on the same topic from ifferent sources, rea the topic on book, leave it. Now rea it on Wikipeia an leave it. Learn it on some other book. This is easy an very useful metho. Don't try to learn from your book only this will bore you an you won’t remember well.

对于理论科目，阅读很多不同来源同一主题的资料，阅读主旨即可。先在维基百科上了解他，然后再从别的相关书籍上阅读。这是一个简单且有用的方法。不要试图从你的书上学习，因为这会打扰你并且让你无法记住。

03

考试小窍门

Exam Tips

1. En preparing for exams about one week before. Design your exams timetable so that your intense preparation ens about one week before the first ay of paper.

在考试前一周左右停止准备工作。需要规划好你的考试时间表，以便于你在第一场考试前一周就结束紧张的准备工作。

2. Tension free preparation. Insie your heart you know I have one week, as a backup.

准备期间放松紧张的心情，你心里知道你还有一周的时间作为后援准备。

3. One week extra preparation. The last EXTRA week is now more valuable than one month. Everything you will o in this week will be extra an very motivational for you.

这个额外一周的准备工作将会比一个月更有价值，在这一周内，你做的所有事情都对你来说格外重要并且能使你非常有积极性。

4. If there is 2, 3 ays break between papers, on't stick with one subject. As mentione above it kills prouctive stuy an focus. Change stuy moule for the sake of attaining min focus an refreshment, at least.

如果在考试与考试中间，有2-3周的时间，千万别固执地只复习一门科目，照着上面提到过的技巧高效率地专注复习。为了让自己更加专注，至少应该时不时换一下学习的模块，休息一下。

5. Review your notes the ay before paper. This will give you an overview of all topics plus strengthening the memory connections for those topics.

在考试前一天复习一下你的笔记。这会让你总览所有知识点，并且通过联系知识点加强你的记忆。

6. After paper is over, on't throw the question paper into ust bin, thinking that it's gone now. It can help your min settle own. Rea an examine how much you i correctly.

在考试结束后，不要把试卷丢到垃圾桶中，心里知道他结束了就好。他能帮你随后静下心来，看一看测试一下自己到底做对了多少。

7. Keep calculating marks you obtaine in each paper an aing to total. It will motivate you, like we o in scoring games.

计算你在每个试卷上获得的分数并且加总分。这很像在玩得分游戏，会激励着你

8. Don't forget the one an only solution for refreshment an energy of min, the exercise an healthy foos in exams.

别忘了锻炼和健康的食物是你在考试中保持精神和大脑能量的唯一解决方法。

04

其它各种因素

Miscellaneous facts

1. Don't listen to love music or such type of songs. Listen to some goo motivational music like "K'NAAN - WAVIN' FLAG". I mean we shoul have zero istraction outsie an insie of ourselves to create a creative state of min, give all your attention to stuy when you stuy!

（学习时）不要听爱情类的音乐，听一些类似于“K'naan - Wavin' Flag”的激励音乐。意思是降低外界能让我们分心的事情到零，给自己建立一个创造性的精神状态，当你学习时，让你的全部注意力都倾注到学习上去。

2. Do take some time for spirituality or loneliness, for many reasons it's important.

某种程度上来说，花点时间在精神和心理调节上也很重要。

3. Play some sports or exercise, not too much.

做点运动跟锻炼，但不要做得太多。

4. Eat ifferent things in aily life an especially in break times.

每天吃不同的食物，尤其是在休息时间哦。

5. Listen to news for some time. If learning English, listen to BBC.

抽点时间听听新闻。如果学英语的话，听听BBC。

6. Play with chilren, they are also learning, observe them an their interest.

和小孩玩玩，他们也在学习阶段，观察他们和他们的兴趣。

7. Do spen some time with family an share your status.

抽出点时间跟家人在一起，并且与他们分享一下你的近况。

8. If possible, o have some time to teach someone. It will be best, if you can teach what you are learning yourself.

如果可能的话，找时间找一个去教别人，如果你可以教点你正在学的东西那就非常棒了。

9. For your tasks apart from stuy, make a to-o list. It's very important to lessen the istraction an buren from your min.

做一个待办事项列表，把你学习中的任务分开做，这对分散注意力和减轻负担来说很重要。

10. Unerstaning the problem, half solves it.

充分理解你的问题，再慢慢解决他。

11. Imagine your success every ay, imagine the future. You are investing on your future.

每天想象一下未来你成功后的样子，你正在为了你的未来努力奋斗着呢。

12. Sprea knowlege.

分享你的见识。

13. Do one thing at a time. Don't have another part of your min allocate for the mobile phone besie, or an open Facebook tab.

一次只做一件事。不要把你的精力分散一部分在你旁边的手机或者Facebook上面。

14. Remember to keep the room temperature a little warm. It will help in focusing.

保持室内有一点温暖，这会帮助你更好集中注意力。这个学习方法受到了很多人的赞同，希望也可以帮到与Final战斗的同学们，考试加油！

新的一年已经开启，金吉列留学刘老师在此祝愿大家：

更新的一年，更新的自己，跟上 Worl 2019