雅思写作中，连贯性，也就是我们所说的逻辑，是整个文章最重要的部分。一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是巧妙的组合，句子的排列顺序合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡十分流畅，而且自然，语法正确朗朗上口等等是都使得文章更加流畅，

连贯性﹙coherence﹚

连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。

　　1﹚意连

　　段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。

　　a.按时间先后排列﹙chronological arrangement﹚

　　we ha a number of close calls that ay. when we rose, it was obviously late an we ha to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the ining room staff was strict about closing at nine o＇clock. then, when we ha been riving in the esert for nearly two hours ----- it must have been close to noon ---- the heat nearly hi us in; the raiator boile over an we ha to use most of our rinking water to cool it own. by the time we reache the mountain, it was four o＇clock an we were exhauste. here, jugement ran out of us an we starte the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that arkness came suenly in the esert. sure enough, by six we were struggling an anrew very nearly went own a steep cliff, ragging mohamme an me along with him. by nine, when the win howle across the flat lege of the summit, we knew as we shivere together for warmth that it ha not been our lucky ay.

　　本段从"rose"﹙起床﹚写起，然后是吃早餐﹙"not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o＇clock"﹚，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天结束﹙"by nine--"﹚。

　　b.按位置远近排列﹙spatial arrangement﹚。例如：from a istance, it looke like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we coul see it flesh out before our eyes. it was tubular, all right, but fatter than we coul see from far away. furthermore, we were also astonishe to notice that the builing was really in two parts: a pagoa sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. staning ten feet away, we coul marvel at how much of the pagoa was mae up of glass winows. almost everything uner the wonerful chinese roof was mae of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only ha four. insie, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. then a steep, narrow staircase took us up insie the pagoa an the light change ramatically. all those winows let in a floo of sunshine an we coul see out for miles across the flat lan.

　　本段的写法是由远及近，从远处﹙"from a istance"﹚写起，然后"get closer"，再到﹙" ten feet away"﹚，最后是"insie the pagoa"……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。

　　c.按逻辑关系排列﹙logical arrangement﹚

　　a.按重要性顺序排列﹙arrangement insgroupsof importance﹚

　　if you work as a soa jerker, you will, of course, not nee much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. if you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. but as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness epens on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written wor. an the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. in the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.

　　这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从"not nee much skill"或"of little importance"到"more important"，最后是"most important"。

　　b.由一般到特殊排列﹙general-to-specific arrangement﹚

　　if a reaer is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. this carelessness can take any number of forms. perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttere that the reaer, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply oesn＇t know what it means. perhaps a sentence has been so shoily constructe that the reaer coul rea it in any of several ways. perhaps the writer has switche tenses, or has switche pronouns in mi-sentence, so the reaer loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. perhaps sentence b is not logical sequel to sentence a ---- the writer, in whose hea the connection is clear, has not bothere to provie the missing link. perhaps the writer has use an important wor incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. he may think that "sanguine" an "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the ifference is a blooy big one. the reaer can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.

　　这一段谈的是a writer＇s carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个"perhaps"加以例证。

　　c.由特殊到一般排列﹙specific-to-general arrangement﹚

　　i o not unerstan why people confuse my siamese cat, prissy, with the one i ha several years ago, henry. the two cats are only alike in bree. prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me early but not possessively. she likes to keep her istance from people, exert her inepenence an is never so rue as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes close, perfectly still. prissy is a very proper cat. henry, on the other han, love me early but possessively. he was my shaow from morning till night. he expecte me to constantly entertain him. henry never care who saw him o anything, whether it was ecorous or not, an he usually offene my friens in some way. the cat mae himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger＇s feet or laps, in bes, rawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. the ifference between them is imperceptible to strangers.

　　本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。

　　2﹚形连

　　行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：

　　walter＇s goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. first, though, he ha to get through high school, so he concentrate all his efforts on his stuies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, an math. because he worke constantly on these subjects, walter became proficient in them; however, walter forgot that he neee to master other subjects besies those he ha chosen. as a result, uring his junior year of high school, walter faile both english an latin. consequently, he ha to repeat these subjects an he was almost unable to grauate on scheule. finally, on june 6, walter achieve the first step towar realizing his goal.

　　本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语﹙transitional wors or phrases﹚，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段﹙linking evices﹚。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, an, because, however, besies, as a result, both…an, consequently, an, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his.本段1有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅﹙smoothness﹚有益，而且对于学生在规定时间内写足所要求的字数也是不无好处的。

　　一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：

　　speaking an writing are ifferent in many ways. speech epens on souns. writing uses written symbols. speech evelope about 500 000 years ago. written language is a recent evelopment. it was invente only about six thousan years ago. speech is usually informal. the wor choice of writing is often relatively formal. pronunciation an accent often tell where the speaker is from. pronunciation an accent are ignore in writing. a stanar iction an spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. speech relies on gesture, louness, an rise an fall of the voice. writing lacks gesture, louness an the rise an fall of the voice. careful speakers an writers are aware of the ifferences.

　　本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it"之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：

　　speaking an writing are ifferent in many ways. speech epens on souns; writing, on the other han, uses written symbols. speech was evelope about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent evelopment, invente only about six thousan years ago. speech is usually informal, while the wor choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. although pronunciation an accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignore in wiring because a stanar iction an spelling system prevails in most countries. speech relies on gesture, louness, an the rise an fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. careful speakers an writers are aware of the ifferences.

　　有损连贯性的几种情况：

　　考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：

　　1﹚不必要的改变时态，比如：

　　in the movie, robert refor was a spy. he goes to his office where he foun everyboy ea. other spies wante to kill him, so he takes refuge with julie christie. at her house, he ha waite for the heat to ie own, but they come after him anyway.

　　2﹚不必要的改变单复数，比如：

　　everyboy looks for satisfaction in his life. they want to be happy. but if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure an life will catch up to him. they nee to pursue the eeper pleasure of satisfaction in work an in relationships.

　　3﹚不必要的改变人称，比如：

　　now more than ever, parents nee to be in touch with their chilren＇s activities because moern life has the tenency to cause cleavages in the family. you nee to arrange family like it so that family members will o things together an know one another. you nee to give up isolate pleasures of your own an realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness an therefore sponsor knowlege.

　　因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。

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